Amyloid Beta Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Oligomers, & Monomers 

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide generated through proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is central to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the brain, Aβ aggregates into soluble oligomers, protofibrils, and insoluble fibrils, ultimately forming extracellular plaques—a hallmark of AD. Soluble Aβ oligomers are particularly neurotoxic, impairing synaptic structure and function, and contributing to cognitive decline. Aβ has also been shown to interact with tau pathology and influence disease progression in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson’s disease with dementia.

StressMarq Biosciences offers a selection of amyloid beta constructs, including monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar forms, optimized for in vitro and in vivo research. These reagents support studies on aggregation kinetics, neurotoxicity, and drug discovery, helping researchers model disease mechanisms and accelerate our understanding of Alzheimer’s and related disorders.

Product List | Amyloid Beta

• Human Amyloid Beta Pyroglutamate 3-42 Pre-Formed Fibrils (PFFs) cat# SPR-492

• Human Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-40 Monomers cat# SPR-530

• Human Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-40 + C-term Cysteine Monomers cat# SPR-533

• Human Amyloid Beta 1-42 Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) cat# SPR-487

• Human Amyloid Beta 1-42 Oligomers cat# SPR-488

• Human Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-42 (HFIP monomeric) cat# SPR-485

Selected Scientific & Product Information

Structure

StressMarq’s amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) is produced synthetically and treated with 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) prior to drying which breaks down pre-formed fibrils and monomerizes the peptide, as previously published (1,2).  Our Amyloid Beta 1-42 (Aβ42) Oligomers and  Amyloid Beta 1-42 (Aβ42) Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) are generated from this Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) using a previously published method (1,2).

Upon resuspension in Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), our Aβ42 presents as a monomeric peptide without fibrils when observed under TEM, AFM and on a Western Blot with an anti-amyloid beta antibody. StressMarq’s Aβ42 PFFs present as long strands when observed under TEM and AFM, and have a unique high molecular weight signal on a Western Blot with an anti-amyloid beta antibody. Our Aβ42 oligomers present as globular oligomers when observed under TEM and AFM, and have a unique dimer/trimer and oligomer signal on a Western Blot with an anti-amyloid beta antibody.

TEM of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (SPR-485, left), oligomers (SPR-488, middle) and fibrils (SPR-487, right).

AFM of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (SPR-485, left), oligomers (SPR-488, middle) and fibrils (SPR-487, right).

Toxicity

StressMarq’s Amyloid Beta 1-42 oligomers, pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) and monomeric peptide can be used for neurodegenerative disease research.

Amyloid Beta 1-42 Oligomers (catalog# SPR-488) and Amyloid Beta 1-42 PFFs (catalog# SPR-487) show a dose-dependent toxicity to primary rat cortical neurons, whereas our Amyloid Beta 1-42 Peptide (monomeric) (catalog# SPR-485) does not show toxicity.

The charts below show survival of rat primary cortical neurons 14 days after treatment with different concentrations of (A) monomers, (B) oligomers or (C) fibrils quantified by MAP2 positive neurons and expressed as a percentage of control. Fibrils and respective vehicle controls were initially sonicated in a Bioruptor. Test conditions were run in the same plate as untreated control and vehicle controls, which consisted of buffer without amyloid beta 1-42.

References

1. Stine et al. 2003. JBC. 278(13):11612-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M210207200
2. Ahmed et al. 2010. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 17(5):561-7. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1799
3. Panza et al. 2019. Nat Rev Neurol. 15:73-88 doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0116-6
4. Shankar et al. 2008. Nat Med. 14(8):837-842. doi: 10.1038/nm1782
5. Chromy et al. 2003. Biochemistry. 42:12749-12760. doi: 10.1021/bi030029q
6. Kayed et al. 2003. Science. 300(5618): 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469
7. Want et al. 2016. JAMA Neurol. 73(9):1070-7. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2078
8. Kotzbauer et al. 2012. Arch Neurol. 69(10): 1326-1331. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2012.1608

Supplemental Learning Materials

Technical Support Resources

• Protocols | Amyloid Beta
• Handling Instructions | Amyloid Beta
• Sonication Protocol | PFFs
• Frequently Asked Questions | Neuro Proteins

Selected Media from the StressMarq YouTube Channel 

• Webinar | Tools for Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s Research | Presented by Dr. Jacob McPhail, Lead R&D Scientist, StressMarq
• Open Theatre | Fibrillar & Oligomeric Constructs of Neurodegenerative Disease Asssociated Peptides | Presented by Dr. Ariel Louwrier, President & CEO, StressMarq

Selected Articles from the StressMarq Blog

• Amyloid Beta Fibrillar Constructs | Learn about our monomeric, fibrillar and oliogmeric amyloid beta constructs.
• Designing Oligomeric Amyloid Beta Quantum Dots | Mimetic quantum dots for oligomeric amyloid species induced inflammatory and stress response states.
• Amyloid Beta Oligomers: Effects on Neurodegeneration | Discover the role of toxic amyloid beta oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease, and learn how StressMarq’s Amyloid Beta Oligomers enable groundbreaking research.
• Enhancing the Astrocytic Clearance of Amyloid Beta | Enhancing Sox9 in astrocytes upregulates the MEGF10-mediated clearance of amyloid beta plaques.