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Single Domain Antibodies:
Tools for the Future?
Conventional antibodies such as monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal (pAb) antibodies have
been at the forefront of biomedical research, use in diagnostic assays therapies against
cancer, immune disorders, and infectious diseases. The market for antibodies is growing
significantly as the need for these tools is ever-increasing to keep up with the constant
battle between diseases and human health.
How Single Domain Antibodies Can Help
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), also known as VHH antibodies, are recombinant
antibodies comprised of the binding domain from heavy chain only camelid antibodies.
Due to their small size, ~15kDa, and their longer and structurally unique Complementarity
Determining Region 3 (CDR3 region), they target unique epitopes inaccessible by
conventional antibodies. Other benefits of sdAbs include enhanced stability at wider
temperature and pH ranges, making them functional in more applications than traditional
antibodies.
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ProSci takes great care during the development process to select high-performance
antibodies. Starting with immunization of proteins expressed in appropriate systems
(e.g. mammalian systems for human proteins) to generate an ideal immune
response, a cDNA library is constructed and then panned in solution for binders.
These binders are then extensively screened for a variety of applications, including
ELISA, histology, and flow cytometry.
Features and Benefits of Single Domain Antibodies
Here are ways sdAbs can help excel your research:
- Smallest functional antibody unit at ~15kDa; conventional antibody is ~150kDa
- Enhanced tissue penetration, can cross the blood-brain barrier
- Unique binding capacity to small cavities or clefts
- High affinity and specificity
- Highly stable at room temperature and under extreme temperatures and pH
- High solubility, great imaging agents due to rapid clearance in vivo
- Cost-effective, large-scale production
The unique properties of size, stability, and solubility for a single domain antibody allow
breakthroughs in the field of cancer research, drug development, and therapy.
With a variety of ways to use single domain antibodies and the ability to effectively target
cancer cells, it’s no surprise that single domain antibodies are on the front lines in the fight
against cancer.
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