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From the early smallpox virus to SARS-CoV-2, every
pandemic of viral infections poses a severe threat to human health[1][2].
Due to the virus’s mutability, infectivity, and drug resistance, vaccines
and antiviral drugs targeting the virus need to be continuously improved[3].
So far, many viral diseases still lack effective therapeutic drugs, and
natural products with diverse chemical structures and extensive
pharmacological activities, making them essential source for discovery of
new antiviral drugs[4].
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Natural Product Antiviral Advantages
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Natural products have more diverse ways of acting than
synthetic compounds acting on a specific target during viral infection.
Taking anti-SARS CoV-2 as an example, in addition to targeting some key
proteins (3CLpro, ACE2, FURIN and RdRp), natural products also have
immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti liver failure activities,
which can regulate immune balance and reduce infection symptoms during the
treatment of COVID-19[5].
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Figure 1. Effect of natural products on
SARS-CoV-2[5].
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Application of Natural Antiviral Products
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Many classic natural products have antiviral activity. For
example, stilbene compounds (molecules with a styrene backbone and their
polymers) represented by Resveratrol have extensive antiviral activity.
Stilbene compounds can exist as monomers or polymers with a vast amount,
providing a material basis for discovering new antiviral drugs[6].
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MCE Provides a
Variety of Natural Antiviral Products
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Structural
Classification
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Product Name
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Function
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Stilbene
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Resveratrol
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Specific SIRT1 activator, PXR inhibitor,
Nrf2 activator;
Other targets: mTOR, JAK, ß-amyloid,
Adenylyl cyclase, IKKß, DNA polymerase;
Anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective
activities.
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Pterostilbene
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SARS-COV-2 replication inhibitor;
Suppress ROS generation;
Anti-viral, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
anti-diabetic effects.
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Piceatannol
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Syk inhibitor;
Induces apoptosis and autophagy;
Anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities.
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Oxyresveratrol
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Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor,
antioxidant, free radical scavenger;
Antiviral effcts, such as HSV-1, HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus.
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Alkaloid
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Cepharanthine
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SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, Cytochrome P450 inhibitor;
Antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects.
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Flavone
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Glabrone
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Specific UGT1A9 probe substrate;
Inhibits influenza virus.
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Benzene Quinones
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Geldanamycin
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Hsp90 inhibitor, H5N1 inhibitor;
Antiviral and anticancer activities.
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Lignan
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Clemastanin B
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Viral proliferation inhibitor;
Targets viral endocytosis, uncoating,
or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the
nucleus.
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References:
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[1] Biomed Res Int. 2021 Dec 8; 2021:7872406.
[2] Eur J Med Chem. 2020 Dec 1; 207: 112790.
[3] Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun; 29(28): 42404-42432.
[4] Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 15; 260: 115726.
[5] Phytother Res. 2022 Oct; 36(10): 3833-3858.
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